Apparatus for heating and cooling air



1954 A. c. PETERSON APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR 4 Sheeis-Sheet 1 Filed April 19, 1951 R O T N E V m Feb. 16, 1954 Filed April 19, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Feb. 16, 1954 A. c. PETERSON APPARATUS F0 R HEATING AND COOLING AIR 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April 19 INVENTOR Feb. 16, 1954 c. PETERSON 0 APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR Filed April 19, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Feb. 16 1954 APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR Adolphe 0. Peterson, Minneapolis, Minn.

Application April 19, 1951, Serial No. 221,799

9 Claims. (01. 62-436) My invention relates to a means and a method for the heating and cooling of building interiors, especially of homes, and is called apparatus and methodfor heating and cooling.

The principal objects of my invention are to provide an apparatus for heating and cooling,

which means and method shall be of that type,

generally speaking, which extracts heat from atmospheric air for interior heating and which extracts heat from interior air'for cooling, and to provide such a means and method in a simple form and method, which shall require the minimum of machinery and material, and the mini- ,mum, or near a minimum of complication in its apparatus, for accomplishment of its primary object, extraction of heat and transfer of the heat.

fective cooling in the hot periods of the year or season. An object is the provision of such a means, utilizing a combination of air heat extraction and cyclic use of a refrigerant, for the heat transfer, in a means which is readily conmeans which utilizes all of the means or material of the means for accomplishment of both functions, in order that thereby the minimum of apparatu and material and cubic space occupied, is needed for the apparatus. The particular object is to provide an apparatus, which will lutilize a means providing comparatively low compression of atmospheric air for heat transfer 'verted from the use for heat provision, to the use for cooling in the summer season, and in a in" a minimum of space and with a minimum of air use, in order especially to-provide efficiency in. use of the power current supplied to the means, and utilizing in combination therewith cyclic expansion and compression of a refrigerant for extraction of heat from the compressed air. A particular object i also the provision of specific coordinating means by which the apparatus may be conveniently and correctly utilized for either of its dual functions, with efficiency. In general the object is improvement of device or apparatus and method for a system functioning as either heating or cooling means with use of atmospheric air as a medium providing heat for heating or extracting heat for cooling.

The principal devices and combinations of devices comprising my invention are as hereinafter described and as defined in the claims. In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my in.- vention, like characters refer to like parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in vertical section on a plane passing vertically through the axes of the principal operating elements of my device, this section being on the lines l| of Figures 2, 3, and 5, some parts being shown in full side elevation.

Figure 2 is a view in horizontal section on a plane passing through the lines 22 of Figures 1 and 5, this section being a horizontal section through the axes of the chief operating or rotating elements of the device and on the level of those axes, some parts being shown in full plan view and some parts being broken away.

Figure 3 is a view in horizontal section on a plane passing through the lines 33 of Figures 1 and 5, this section being a horizontal section through the axes of the pair of valves which control the flow of the air streams in the device, other parts of the device being shown partially in plan view below that level, and some parts being broken away.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the installation of a device as described, in a building such as a house, and showing its relation to or association with registers and thermostatic means.

Figure 5 is a vertical section at right angles to the section of Figure 1, on the line 5-5 of Figures 1, 2, 3.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral l designates a compressor casing, 2 a turbine or expansion casi g, 3 a compressor rotor, 4 a turbine rotor, 5 compressor rotor blades, 6 compressor stator blades, 1 turbine rotor blades, 8 turbine stator blades, 9 the shaft on which the compressor rotor 3 and turbine rotor 4 are mounted to rotate therewith and fixed to the shaft by annular in form with guide blades I6 forming nozzle means for direction of air, I! the turbine air discharge annular in form with guide blades l8; l9 and 20, the hearings in which the shaft 9 rotates, 2| an electricmotor which by its armature 22 drives theshaft 9 and thereby compressor rotor 3 and turbine rotor 4. The end of shaft 9 opposite to the end on which electric :motor 2| drives it, externally of the turbine casing, ha a small spur gear 23 fixed on it, and thi by small spur gears 24 drives a drum 25 by its internal spur gear 26, at a speed which may be say one fifth to one tenth of the speed of shaft 5, depending on the particular construction and proportions. The drum 25 is fixed on the near end of a crank shaft 27, which is mounted in bearings 25, has, aicrank pin- 29.- on; which are flexibly: mounted-a pairrof rod wristend's 307 and M which numerals also designate connecting rods associated with the wrist ends. ducting rods 3! and 31 are flexibly connentedin pistons 32, 33, to reciprocate those pistons in. compressor cylinders 34, 35, these being located on opposite sides of the crankskiaitl];

A pair of heat transfer units.36, 3'l, respective-r 1y, are located on opposite sides ofth'e' compressor and turbine casings, in approximately the same horizontal level, and in each of these there, is: a. heat transfer coil, thetransfen coil 3E3 in. one unit. being. an. expansion coil,v for e-vaporative.- expansion of a refrigeranttherein with heat. absorption. fromair. externally. in. unit 36, the. transfer coil, 59.. in. theother: unit 3:1 ,being a compression conduitict.receptionof.fluid under compression. and. increased; temperature from the. refrigerant compressor as: hereinafter described,- thev heatof the. refrigerant fiuidinthe condenser. conduit 39. (heat-transfer coil). being,

transferred. totair externally. of. the .coil. 39; Air space'in heat transfer' unit-36 is, denoted wand air-spacein heattransier unit3fl is denoted 4!.

The: compressor air dischargechamber. I3 al.- waysvdischarges, air as? compressed. by. way of air conduit 42- to.-.-the one end ofbthe air space lilzinthe heat vtransferunit.36randthe air space 4! at: its opposite enddischarges. air. passing from; space-4i! to the: air conduit 43. which. discharges; air. to; the intake chamber l5 of the. entia'llyof blower 53-, andthereby to-thevertical operation: ofttherdevicazas hereinafterv explained, the; air: compressed. by compressor. rotor 3spasses through the air. space td-ofthe. heat transfer unit and; gives: up. heat to. refrigerantv fluid..,in.- ternallyof expansion coil: 38 andaf-ten giving up heat thereto, the air passes byway. ofairconduit. d3 towthevinlet chamber.- l5.--of: the. turbine casing 2; and as guided. by: blades, I6, passes throughv theiexpansionor. turbine air course denoted. 44 in turbine-casing Z, to, expend. heat energy in driving turbine rotor 4 by means. of itsiblades l, the. air then: passing, to. tllllbil'J-BvdlS- charge chamber H.

The compressor intake chamber l2.receives.a'ir for; compression from. the-- vertical conduit 45 which inturn receives:v air from-transversaconduit. 4s. The. turbinetdischargei chamber. I discharges. airv through vertical conduit. 41 to the transverse, conduit 48..

Thereis-formedebetween the compressorcasing t and: the turbine casing jZ- an---intermediate .-.casing til-"joined withlthezcasings land 2. for-support only; butv not having' communication with the interiors thereof; and in-v the intermediate casing:- i9 there-are formed twoannular. chambers axially co incidental, but spaced sideby side and; dividedr-by: annular wall 55, one .51 formin arblower' intake chamber: and. the: other: 52 forming: a blower chamber wherein: a blower '53-; of rotary or: centrifugal type and fixed n'- shaft E'Jto be driven thereby, rotates; The blower 53 isnott a. compressor butfisamerely a .means. for displacingv ormoving air from: the vertical conduit 4 ton-blower intakei chamber: 5:] and thereby: to s the' air blower "53i'andf thereby! to: the? por- The 003% 4 tion of chamber 52 externally of and circumferentially of blower 53, and thereby to the vertical conduit 55. The vertical conduit 54 receives air from transverse conduit 56, and the chamber 52 delivers air to the vertical conduit 55 and thereby to the transverse conduit 51. The blower 53 need be of a diameter only such that it will cause the. movement of the? air-fromq the'etransverse conduit 563. as hereinafter." described: and into transverse conduit 51 and thereby into conduits designated.

Thetransverse conduits 46, 56, 51, 48, are all located in the horizontal plane of section as shown in Figure 3 and they are thus all on the tsameilevelcandtall are transversely of the unit or. means. The transverse conduits have each two portions'asshown the two portions of each extending in opposite direction from the upper ends of the conduits with which they connect,

namely vertical. conduits 45,54, 55., 4.1,.andsthe portions extending. one way are. bi-sectedby. a cylindricalcvalve 5.8, and the. portions extending the other way arefbirsectedhby. the, cylindrical valve. 59.. Thecylindrieal .valves- 58,. 59,. are. .each approximately asylong as the, axial length-com binethofi casings I,..4 9,,.2.,.. andthey are rather largain diameter. so..they may, adequately. form passageports. The cylindricaLvalve 58.,hasthe tour passage, ports. 65,. 6],. 62;.v 63, in. theatransverse, vertical; planes, respectively,. wherein. are vertical,- conduits 46.,. 54 55,-. 41 andtheir. respec.- tiveassociated transverseconduits. 46', 56,, 51 48. The; cylindricaL. valve. 59.. has. the... four. passage ports 54,- 65,-. 6.6, 61, in. the. transverse vertical planes, respectively; wherein are. vertical conduits 45,: 54, 55., 41. and. their. respective; associated transverse conduits. 46;, 56,: 5.! 48... The... cylindrilcal. valve. 58 has. one: other passage port. 68 adapted to she aligned. with. and. permit-.- passage through transverse. conduit 69.. The cylindrical valve. 59- has twoother, passageports. I6, 11",, T2 adapted tmbe: alignedtwithand. permit..passage, alternatively, through .transverseoonduits..6'a,,and 13..

The. two cylindrical. valves 53. and. 59. have, shafts 14,. 15,. respectively, fi-xed thereto. axially, .at one end, and. the shaftshave large: spur. gears 16:, H respectively fixed. theretooutside. oi the valve-.casingsformed in..val've mounting..,or..casing .78; Thelargespur. gears16, 1.1, are inpermanent cooperation. with.a smaller. spur gear. 19 mount.- ed.on.shaftt 9.-oi. hand. crank. 8L. By means ofhand. crank. 81. and. spur. gear 19., the large spur, gears .16, ,H -and.va1ves.=5.8;. 59,.may be turned inunisonto place the.valves,5.6, 59' in theiralternativepositions. such that, in. the. one. alternativev status. some, of the. passage; ports'.are.:. in alignmentwith their. associated. transverse. conduits, .as toeach va1ve,.and sothat in thezalternative status, othersof. thepassage ports. ofl'the twovalves; 58',,.59, ,a-rein =the alignmentpositions, and. the firstnamedl'. passage. ports, are not" in the. alignment. positions, and. vice versa.v The valves 58; 59.will whensetin eithen status,.retaint-that. position. It. may. be...noted that .any means; may be provided iorensuringiretention in the setpositions Thea transfer. coil-38.1w conduit 8.2. discharges reirigerantfluid. to valve chambers 83'. in com.- pressor. cylinders 34,35 and, when valves .84 are openitocompressor. spaces 85', in cylinders 34', 35. The lastnamed spaces discharge, when. discharge valvesfifiq. are open, to valvechambers .81 cylindersgM; 3.5;. and-.-.by,- thesewalve chambers, .to: the

, conduit 88, and thereby to the condenser conduit 39. The condenser conduct 39 discharges refrigerant fluid by way of conduit 89 and expansion valve chamber 99 to the conduit 9I and thereby to the receiving end of expansion coil 38. The expansion valve chamber 99 has a valve 92 interposed in the passage to chamber 99, the valve 92 being under pressure of the compression spring 93, so that refrigerant fluid is maintained under constant compression in the condenser conduit 39.

' The device, as above described, may be placed in a house basement or at any location in a house, and as illustrated in Figure 4, where the device as above described is generally designated, as X, is in much reduced scale, the 'unit X is connected with house air conduits 94, 95, the one 94 being a house discharge or return conduit, and the one 95, being a house delivery or flow conduit, to pass air to air discharge registers 96 located at various locations in the house interior. The house plan is designated by diagram Y. The return conduit 94 passes air from the house interior space as received by return registers 91, to a common conduit 98 which passes air to either transverse conduit 4'6. or 56, as hereafter described. The air conduit 95 is connected with common conduit 99 which connects with transverse conduits 63 and 48, in the manner as hereafter described.

Two conduits I99 and I9I, respectively, are atmospheric air intake conduit and atmospheric air discharge conduits, respectively, one'receiving air from outside atmospheric air, its intake end being located exteriorly of the house, the other discharging air to the outside atmosphere, its discharge end being located exteriorly of the house or building, preferably somewhat remotely from the intake end of the conduit I99, so that air from one will not tend to be mixed with air enter,- ing the other. Conduit I99 delivers atmospheric air to common conduit I92 which in turn delivers to either transverse conduits 46, or 56, as hereafter described. The conduit IOI discharges air from common conduit I93, which in turn discharges from alternative conduits 46 or 13, as hereafter described.

' The transverse conduit 51, as permitted by the valves 58, 59, may discharge air to conduit I04 and thereby to vertical conduit I95 in the transfer unit 31, discharging air to the associated end of space 4!. The alternative conduits 69 and I3, as permitted by the valves, as hereafter described, may alternatively receive air from space 4|, by conduit I96. The transverse conduit 51, as permitted by the valves 58, 59, may, in the alternative position of the valves, discharge air received from blower 53 to conduit I91 and thereby to vertical conduit I95 in transfer unit 31 this conduit I95 discharging the air to the associated end of space 4 I. The conduit 94 which receives air from the house interior, may receive some portion of its air, passing to unit X, from outside atmosphere, by way of the exteriorly exposed end I09 of conduit 94, the hand valve I08 being normally closed in the heating season, but subject to opento 'closethe thermostatic circuit in the summer season, when the maximum desired temperature is exceeded, when hand switch I I5 is closed. The battery circuit through battery I I3, when closed will by any means as commonly used in relay means II6, close a circuit from the main electric current lines L, to thereby send current from those main lines to the electric motor 2|, for operation of that motor and thereby shaft 9 and with it the rotors 3 and 4, and crank shaft 21. The thermostatic means T and the relay means H6, are only diagrammatically shown, but may be of any type of such means, as commonly known and used, and may have any type of adjustment of the thermostatic elements and the association of the contacts therewith, so that adjustment of the maximum and the minimum temperatures, in the house rooms, may be enabled.

The conduit 89, or any part of the refrigerant fluid circuit, may be provided with a branch conduit II'I, normally closed by hand valve H8, or any other type of valve means, whereby the operator may, in initial operation, or when necessary, introduce a refrigerant fluid, such as Freon, or any type thereof, or any other type of refrigerant, such as ammonia, into the conduit 89, and thereby into the circuit composed of the evaporative coil 33 and the compression coil 39 for use as the refrigerant, circulating in those coils, and in the compressor cylinders 3435. The refrigerant fluid in the evaporative conduit 38 and condenser conduit 39 may be called the heat carrier fluid.

It is contemplated that the device may be used in either the winter season or the summer season and especially in moderate climates such as the North and South Temperate Zones. For use in winter for heating a house interior, or any enclosed space, such as a railroad car or coach, or a freight car for perishables, such as fruit or vegetables, the device is set by its controls for either one or the other operation. For the function desired, the operator closes either hand switch I I4 or hand switch II5, leaving the other open, and at the'same time he turns the hand crank BI to turn the valves 58, 59, simultaneously to either the winter heating positions, or the alternative summer cooling positions. The valves 58, 59, as shown in the drawings Figures 3 and 5, are in the positions for winter heating of the associated house interior, that is in this position, the valves are set for the abstraction of heat from the atmospheric air inspirated and expelled continuously by the device for the heating of the evaporative coil 38 and thereby through the refrigerant fluid for the heating of the house air by the compression coil 39. In the alternative positions of the valves 58-59, the valves are set for abstraction of heat from the house interior air as circulated through the unit X by conduits 94, 95, that is for circulation of house air through the circuit consisting of the compressor casing I and the air space in heat transfer unit 36 and the turbine casing 2, so that heat is abstracted from the compressed house air by the heat ab- 'stracting effect from evaporation of refrigerant fluid in the evaporative coil 38, the heat abstracted being in this case abstracted from the refrigerant fluid when the refrigerant fluid passes through the compression coil 39, where heat flows from the refrigerant fluid into the atmospheric air circulated through space M from and, back to the exterior atmospheric air. It is contemplated that valves 58, 59, will have a relatively close .fit in their valve casings, so their positions will be sesame permanently maintained;iwherrsetfor eitherseason;v but any; type of: lockingimeans may-be used forens'uring that fixed status.

The useran'd': operation: of the device for the winter operation'is now described It: should be noted that any indicating or mark-ingameans-may" beru'sed on the faces of-gears 16, H, oranyi other means mayr be used to indicate to' the operator when the valves are'properly set, as he desires.

Assuming that current: is supplied by main linesvL, that hand switch EM, the hand switch for. winter use, is :closed- (the other being open), and that thevalves 55; 53 arev set-asshownin the drawings, FiguresB and 5, for winter operat-ion, the: thermostatic means T will then whenever the temperature in the house interior is below the minimum predetermined temperature, which may he say 72 degrees Fahrenheit; or thereabouts, causethe relay means- H-Bto send electric current" through the eleetric motor 2i, and thereby shaft a and rotors 3- and i, are rotated-atavery highspeed, which: may be say any speed from five to-fifteen: thousand revolutions per minute, or even more, and the crankshaft 2'! operating the compressor pistons 82, 33; will operate at'a lesser speed: which may be say 1060 revolutions per minute to 3000 revolutions-per minute, ormore or lessthan that number, as may be proper in any construction.- The speeds of the. means in-any construction will be determined by the individual construction, its proportions, its material: strength; and other considerations, but the speed of shaft 9 will preferably be say five to ten thousand revolutions per minute. The construotion oftheelectric motor 21 and'its arma ture- 22-, and-their relation to the current from main lines L will be-sufiicientin most constructions and-uses, todetermi-ne the 'speedand place an upward limit on that speed, but it may be noted that, in any constructiom as may be needed-, -any type ofgoverning means may be used with the motor 21 and its current supply, to limit the maximum speed of the shaft- 9 and crank shaft 21-, associated therewith.

Under this'condition ofoperation, there will be two streams of airthroughtheunit X; and there will alsobe the stream or circuit of refrigerant fluid; one stream of air being moved by compressor rotor 3- th-rough space Mland then from space' iii" to the inlet chamber of turbine rotor 4;. and simultaneously another air stream which will be movedby the blower 53'. The'compressor rotor 3 will be constr-ucted-toop-erate to compress air to the pressure of at least thirty pounds or thereabouts, or even more, if that'be desired, say to 90 or one hundred pounds, while the blower 53 will-have such size ordiameter and suchassociation with the passages through-which its'delivered air flows, that the pressure of the aircirculated thereby, will not exceed, say one to five poundspreferablyi no'niorethan one or two pounds, and. inany case, not more than that pressure, above atmospheric pressure, which is needed-to circulate the air through the blower 53 and its associated-passages or space, for the operation selected. This pressure may thus be no more than-apressureof afew ounces above atmosphericpressure that is such a pressure as will cause. movement at a rapid speed of-Ithe air stream passing or movedby the blower 53, 1 This pressure should be and is low so that it willnot cause heating, but merely displacement or mov ing. of the airstre'am. Oh the other lia'nd'ith'e air stream" e'riteiing" compressor casifigl l a'lid co'm ressed by" compressor rotors, is passedtiirough asufiicient number of stages a of i the compressor blades 5 and 6, so that adequate compression-of the air is attained-to secure raising ofthe temperature of the air'as compressed by rotor 3,-to a temperature of at least fifty toone hundred degrees- Fahrenheit, above the temperature at which airenters intake chamber i2, andpasses from chamber l3 tospace is, and; that temperature in some constructions,- if that=be desired,- may even be as much as three hundred to four hundred degrees Fahrenheit; the compression pressure, attained-by the construction-and'speedof compressor rotor 3; beingaccordingly such as to attain that desired temperature. It maybe noted that the passages throughthe nozzles formedby the guide blades is should be or such small size or capicity for passage of air, and the turbine course it should also be ofsuch-size or capacity for fiow of air, that the compression pressure desired; say thirty or more pounds; at least, or even one hundred pounda-willbe quickly reached and bemaintained in the space 40 and conduit is; andintakechamber l5 of the-turbine rotor i. The air stream passing into intake chamber I2, may have a-speedof movement, of as much as one thousand feet, more or less, per second of time, that depending onthe constructicn,'so that-a large volume ofair willbepassed through compressor course of compressor casing i and throughturbine course i4 of -turbine casing Zandlikewise through space-is, and any means such as a hand valve may be used for variation of that how if desired.

The air stream moved-by blower 53; shouldon P the other hand berelatively slow, While still quite rapid. This flow of the air stream, so-called secondary air stream by blower 53, may bevaried somewhat by a hand valve H9 placed in vertical conduit fiii. Thus this conduit 55 may be partially closed for winter heating operation-and may be wide open for the summer operation or cooling operation.

The air stream moved by compressor rotor 3 through space M to inlet-chamber I5 and the air expansion course iliof turbine casing 2 is a primary air stream, and the course through which it flows is generally designated a primary air course. This-primary air course includes the annular space is of casing i which space is a compressing. space and it includes-space 40 a compressed air course, and annular chamber 11 which is a primary air discharge conduit The secondary air course includes the air blowing channel where the air blower which is an air displacement means 523 operates, the secondary air intake 5i5 i, the secondary air discharge 52-5i.- A so-called heat carrierfluid course'ineludes; the evaporative conduit 33 which is a heat'ab sorption conduit; the compressor cylinder bores with their intake chambers 83 and discharge chambers 87 which constitute a carrier fluid compressing course; the condenser conduit 35?: which is a heat transfer conduit. The one conductive means includes the conduit IUD, an atmospheric air inspirating means; the conduit Hi! which is an atmospheric air aspirating means. The other conductive means includes the I return conduit M and return; registers 9? which are generally internal intake means; the house delivery or iiow conduit and air discharge registe'rs 95 which are generally internal discharge means; i

In the winteroperation, as is'now'describ'ed, the circulation of the" primary 'a'ir'streain"; socalled, is as renews:- atmospheric" air enterstiie conduit I from its end exposed outside the building wall, and that air from atmosphere moves in a continuous stream through conduit I02, 46, vertical conduit 45, intake chamber I2, compressor course Ia, discharge chamber I3, conduit 42, space 40, where heat of compression is given up to evaporative coil 38, from space 40 to conduit 43, turbine intake chamber I5, turbine course 44, discharge chamber II, vertical conduit 41, transverse conduit 48, passage port 61 of valve 59, the succeeding portion of transverse conduit 48, conduit I03, and by way of conduit |0| to atmosphere outside of the building wall and is there discharged by way of the open end of conduit |0|. In that course through the unit X, the atmospheric air has been compressed in compressor course Ia, given up heat to coil 38 in heat transfer unit 36, passed to turbine course 44 wherein the air, which has entered turbine intake chamber I at approximately the pressure atwhich it passed from compressor course Ia but slightly less, has been expanded and its velocity increased so that the air passing through course 44 has exp-ended further heat and energy in driving the turbine rotor 4 by its blades 1, and then has passed again to atmosphere by Way of conduit |0| at a considerably less temperature than the temperature at which it was received from the atmosphere, since heat has been given up.

In the same space of time or coincidentally. the crank shaft 2! has been driven at its proportionate speed and compressor pistons 32, 33, have been reciprocated and have withdrawn the refrigerant fluid from evaporative coil 38 as withdrawn through expansion means 90-92 from conduit 89, and has compressed that fluid in compressor cylinder spaces 85 and passed the refrigerant fluid to conduit 88 as highly compressed fluid thereby raising the temperature of the fluid, and has passed that high temperature refrigerant fluid to condenser conduit 39, where the heat of the refrigerant fluid -has. been transferred through the walls of condenser conduit 39 to the secondary air stream passing through space 4|, and has forced that .fluid under compression to theexpansion means 90-92, for recirculation.

In the same space of time or coincidentally, the blower 53 has withdrawn a continuous stream of house air, the secondary air stream,. from the building interior space, and has passed that air stream through registers 91, conduit. 94, conduit 98, tr ansverse conduit 56, passage port BI of valve 58, vertical conduit 54, intake chamber 5|, to blower 53, annular chamber 52, vertical conduit 55, transverse conduit 51, passage port 66 of valve 59,,conduit I04, vertical conduit I05, space 4| of unit 31, where heat is transferred to it from compression coil 39, by way of vertical conduit I20 of transfer unit31 to conduit. I06, transverse conduit 39, passage port 12 of valve 59, passage port 68 of valve 58, conduit 99, conduit 95, to registers 96, where the heated secondary, air stream is dispersed to the interior air of the house interior space for heating therein.

It will be noted that in this condition of opera,- tion, the passage ports of valves 58, 59bar any other passage of the air streams since they are turned so as not to be aligned with their asso-: ciated transverse conduits for the passage.

' For the summer operation, for cooling of the building interior, the circulation of air streams is as follows: The primary air stream, that passing through the compressor course and turbinecourse 44 isgnow difierently associated,.since the valves 581-159. have. been, turned. by thehand crank BI 10 and gears 19, IS, IT, so that the passage ports are in the alternative positions, and in these alternative positions, air is withdrawn from the interior space of the building interior by registers 91, conduit 94, conduit 98, transverse conduit 49, vertical conduit 45, intake chamber i2, compressor course la (where the air is compressed), and the air as compressed, is passed, by discharge chamber I3, conduit 42, space 49 (where heat is given up to evaporative coil 33), conduit 53, turbine intake chamber I5, turbine course 44, discharge chamber I1, vertical conduit 41, transverse conduit 48, passage port 53 of valve 58, conduit 99, conduit 95, and to registers 90, where the cooled air is discharged for intermingling with the house air.

In the same space of time, or coincidentally, the secondary air stream (that displaced by blower 53, is drawn from the outside atmosphere by'wayof conduit I09, conduit I02, transverse conduit 55, vertical conduit 54, blower chamber 5|, blower 53, blower chamber 52, and is passed, by way of vertical conduit 55, transverse conduit 51,- passage port 52, conduit I01, vertical conduit I05, space 4| of transferunit 37 (abstracting heat from condenser conduit 39), vertical conduit I20, conduit I06, conduit I3, passage ports IE-4| of valve 59, to conduit |0|, and by way of the open end of conduit IOI, outside of the building, to the atmosphere outside of the building, the air being somewhat heated in that course to atmosphere.

In the same space of time, or coincidentally, the compressor pistons 32, 33, have withdrawn refrigerant fluid from evaporative conduit 38, absorbing heat in that process from air in space 40, and have compressed that refrigerant fluid, and passed it as compressed fluid, at a higher temperature to condenser conduit 39, where heat has been given up to the atmospheric air being blown through the space 4| by blower 53.

In the use for heating, in winter, the primary air stream, which is then the outside atmospheric air has been compressed to what may be a pressure sufficient to raise temperature to an eflicient working temperature and pressure, and has given up heat to the evaporative conduit 38, and has been again passed to outside atmosphere, and coincidentally the compressor pistons'32, 33, have evaporated refrigerant fluid in conduit 38, withdrawing heat from the compressed atmospheric air, and have compressed the refrigerant fluid, to causetha't fluidto give up heat to the air stream passing from the building interior space through space 4| of transfer unit 31, and coincidentally, the house air has been blown by blower 53, at just sufficient pressure to cause that movement, from the house interionthrough the space 4| to take up heat from the heat of the compressed refrigerant fluid in condenser conduit 39, and that house air. thus heated, has been blown back to the house interior. space for heating.

For the, summer cooling, the primary air stream, which is then the interior house air has been compressed by the compressor rotor 3 to that is a pressure suflicient to raise temperature so that heat may be given up to the evaporative conduit 38, and that house air after that abstraction of heat has been expanded through turbine course performing work on the turbine rotor 4 by the expansion to atmospheric pressure therein, and after this expansion and cooling thereby, the house air has been again passed back to the house interior space, and coincidentally the compressor pistons 32, 33, have evaporated retrigere ant .fiuid in conduit 3,8, withdrawing heat pfrom the compressed interior :house air, ;and;have then compressed the refrigerant fluid, tocause that fluid to give up heat ;to;the air stream githen :pass ing from the external atmospheric .air to blower 53,;at just sufiicient pressure to cause thatzmovement, from the atmosphericoutside-air, throu h the space Al to take up heat from the heat :of the compressed refrigerant ,fluid .in condenser conduit 39, andthatatmospheric airxthus heated, has been blown back to the exterior atmospheric aincarrying the'withdrawn heat with it-.there,to.

In theoperation of the device, in-either-status, for the *winterpheating or, for the. summer cooling, the air-of the primary :air stream (atmospheric air in winter and house air in they-summer) is first compressed-the'heat-iszabstracted, then that air stillrunder approximately the samehigh compression, is passed through the :nozzles between the-,guide blades 16 of the turbine, being 11estrained thereby "to maintain the compression until these guide blades :are :reacheld, but: bein expanded, or directed, :or expanded and, directed against the blades of the'turbine 1301301354, andthat air at increasing velocity and :being; further expanded in the-turbine course M, expendsenergy driving the turbinerotor 4Eby,:the;impact upongthe turbine blade "Lwand thereby creates work-continuously upon the turbine rotor land through the :shaft upon :the compressor :rotor 13,;so :that the energy of -:the compressed air, :rea'ching'the turbine course wi l, .is :utilized :to :create kinetic energy upon the shaft 19 and that energy ,;is utilized .for partial ;supply of 'the work :to drive compressorrrotorjaand-to .compressahe-ainbein supplied :to space do :and :zthereafter :to turbine course 414. ,In this manner, both the "winter and the-summer .operation-thezwork of compressingiair is: continuallyl returned to:shaft:9;.to assist in the drivingzof thesshait- 9 andxrotor i3 and the balance" of-work required to drive, the :compressor rotor :3iandralsopthe: crank shaft 21;:anditsassociated-eompressor;pistons 32, '3:3;is;supp1ied; by the electric :motor -2 l v sAr ygcoinmonly known:safetyzvalvemeans :may be xusedxinythe: reirigerantccircuit. 1Blower:5.3 iwill becof such relatively :small sizeithatztheairis sonly blown thereby,:notrcompressed, and-ifidesire'dsany speed reducingimeansbetweenit andoshaftramay be-useditoiaid in procuringithatreifect.

While :I have shownrparticular devices. and combinations of. devices, in illustration; of :my: invention, iI contemplate a that other detailed devices and combinations o'fdevices may be-used in effecting the invention and the result indicated, as my invention.

What I claim is:

-1. Ina means for changing"theitemperature'of the interiorof'abuilding or-other enclosedspace; a primary air course" including;compressing space having a compressing "means associated therewith, a compressed air course having induction from said compressing "space "'andwithin confining walls, a primary "air discharge "conduit dischargingfrom saidcompressed air course "and an air expansion (operated 'motor means "operating in the primaryair discharge conduit; ;.a "secondary air course "including "an 'a-ir blowing channel and air blowerm-eans operating therein,-a --sec ondary air intake'to said airblowing channel, and a-secondaryaindischarge fromsaid air blowing channel; conductive means including atmospheric air inspirating and atmospheric ai-raspire-ting =means, another conductive means --including internal J. intake means in said -ienelosed maceand i ternal discharge mean v:in said renclosed pace; valv :m ans for al ernatively i111- .clud-in one of aid con uctive :means withsaid primary means t pr cure passa e -.of .;atmosphe1iic external air through said primary'air course :and theother :of said conductive means-with saidseeondai y air course to procure, passage rof internal air from said enclosed, spac throu h said 4 secondaryai-r course in one condition of operation, and :to procure in the alternative condition inclusion of the second one of .said conductive means with said primary, means i to ip ocure -.;pas sage of internal air -;f-r om :saixd enclose space through said primary :air :course, and :inclusion Of the first'on 0f Sa d conductive means with saidsecondary air course to procure :passage 10f atmospheric externaL-air through ,said -.primary air course; :a ,;heat icalirier fluid ,circuit including aheat absorption conduit within lheat conducti've wwalls exposed :to air 112353 1 311 said compressed air course, a-heat transfer ,conduit within heat conductive walls ,exposed :to @8111, in :said secondary .-air course, a carrier; fillidgQOl'IlDl'fiSSOI' re ceiving carrier .jfluidifriomwsaid jheat absorption conduit and dischargingearrier ,fluidiundericompression to ,said heat transfer conduit: an expansion valve conduit aneans :ior compression iretention and ,conducting carrier Jlfluid from said heat transfereonduit :to said heat. absorption con.- dui an .cm t r "means for driving :said :first named compressing ,rmeans ;,and said second named Carried :fluid compressor, and .a driving connection between gthev airexpansion operated motor :means and :the ifirst named-compressing me n ,z All :of the ;;meens;=described and claimed :in claim ;1, and in combination :therewith; :lthermostatic control ,zmeans susceptible ito temperature change i-nsaid-enclosed space, power current supply means, ;the :said :thermostatic :control mea'ns having means :to effect =driving of said -motor means :by ,said power current supply :means in one of saidalternative conditions When-temperaturerin gsaid enclosed :space is under a predetermined gcontrol temperature and to effect-driving :of psaid;motor means by said power current supply :means in the -:other .:of said alternative conditions .when temperature in said enclosed space :is .oviereai predetermined control temperature.

'3. :;In a :means I for changing -*-the temperature of :the -interior *of a building or other enclosed space, arcompressing air course and compressing means :associated therewith-to compress ain-passing: through :the compressing :air course, a 'heat absorption course connected-with thecompressing:airscourseiin sequence, and -an-air expansion course in conductive sequence with said heat absorption course. and an air -expansion operated motor means 'in: said air expansion I course to convertaenergy of air passing therethrouglrto kinetic energy; a .heat transfer course-and an =air displacement means :associated therewith to -move air therethrough; an air -conductive means to pass air ifrom atmosphere externally of said -enclosed :space to asaid compressing-air :course and from :said air expansion courseba-ok =-to-atmosphere externally oi said enclosed space interna'l air con.ductive-=.means to pass air ir-omsaid enclosed space to :said heatytra-nsfer course 'and fromrsaid heat -trans'fencourse back to saidenclosed space :a :heat carrier ifiui'd: course including :a ,2 heat 'LQJbSOIYDtlOH: conduit within aheat conductive xiWQ/HS i exposed lto :air in said heat absorption course rand 'iinclu'ding :a carrier 'fiui'd #aceanoo compressing course in conductive sequence with said heat absorption conduitand compressing vmeans for compressing the carrier fluid in said carrier fluid compressing course, and including -a heattransfer conduit within heat conductive walls exposed to air passing in said heat transfer course and in conductive sequence with said carrier fluid compressing course, and means :passingcarrier fluid from said heat transfer conduit back to said heat absorption conduit, and compression maintaining means between the heat transfer conduit and the heat absorption conduit to permit passage of carrier fluid while substantiallymaintaining pressure in the heat transfer conduit; motor means for operating said first named compressing means and said last named compressing means, and an operating connection between said air expansion operated motor means and said compressing means to impose kinetic energy produced by said air expansion operated motor means upon said compressing means; valve means for procuring alternative conditions of operation; in one of said alternative conditions, procuring inclusion of one of said conductive means with said compressing air course and said heat absorption course and said air expansion course to pass external atmospheric air therethrough and procuring vat the same time inclusion of the other of 'said conductive means with-said heat transfer course to pass internal air therethrough from said enclosed space; and in the other of said alternative conditions, procuring inclusion of one of said conductive means with said compressing air course and said heat absorption course and said air expansion course to pass internal air from said enclosed space therethrough, and at the same time procuring inclusion of the other of said conductive means with said heat transfer course to pass external atmospheric air therethrough.

4. In a means for changing the temperature of the interior of a building or other enclosed space, a compressing air course and compressing means associated therewith to compress air passing through the compressing air course, a heat absorption course connected with the compressing air course in sequence, and an air expansion course in conductive sequence with said heat absorption course and an air expansion operated motor means in said air expansion course to convert energy of air passing therethrough to kineticv energy; a heat transfer course and an air displacement means associated therethrough to move air therethrough; an air conductive means to pass air from atmosphere externally of said enclosed space to said compressing air course and from said air expansion course back to atmosphere externally of said enclosed space; internal air conductive means to pass air from said enclosed space to said heat transfer course and from said heat transfer course back to said enclosed space; a heat carrier fluid course including a heat absorption conduit within heat conductive walls exposed to air in said heat absorption course and including a carrier fluid compressing course in conductive sequence with said heat absorption conduit and compressing means for compressing the carrier fluid in said carrier fluid compressing course, and including a heat transfer conduit within heat conductive walls exposed to air passing in said heat transfer course and in conductive sequence with said carrier fluid compressing course, and means passing carrier fluid from said heat transfer conduit backto said heat absorption conduit; and

compression maintaining means between the heat transfer conduit and the absorption conduit means with said compressing air course and said heat absorption course and said air expansion course to pass external atmospheric air therethrough and procuring at the same time inclu- 'sion of the other of said conductive means with said heat transfer course to pass internal air from said enclosed space through said heat transfer course; and in the other of said alternative conditions, procuring inclusion of one of said conductive means with said compressing air course and said heat absorption course and said air expansion course to pass internal air from said enclosed space through said compressing air course and said heat absorption course and said air expansion-course, and procuring at the same time-inclusion of the other ofsaid conductive means with said heat transfer course to pass external atmospheric air from exterior atmosphere through said heat transfer course.

5. In a means for changing the temperature of the interior of a building or other enclosed space, a compressing air course and compressing means associated therewith to compress air passing through the compressing air course, a heat absorption course connected with the compressing air course in sequence and an air expansion course in conductive sequence with said heat absorption course; a heat transfer course and an air displacement means associated therewith to move air therethrough; an air expansion operated motor means operating in said air expansion course and a driving connection between the air expansion operated motor means and the compressing means in the compressing air course; an air conductive means to pass air from atmosphere externally of said enclosed space to said compressing air course and from said air expansion course back to atmosphere externally of said enclosed space; internal air conductive means to pass air from said enclosed space to said heat transfer course and from said heat transfer course back to said enclosed space; a heat carrier fluid course including a heat absorption conduit within heat conductive walls exposed to air in said heat absorption course and including a carrier fluid compressing course in conductive sequence with said heat absorption conduit and compressing means for compressing the carrier fluid in said carrier fluid compressing course, and including a heat transfer conduit within heat conductive walls exposed to air passing in said heat transfer course and in conductive sequence with said carrier fluid compressing course, and means including expansion valve means to pass carrier fluid from said heat transfer conduit back to said heat absorption conduit; and motor means for operating said first named compressing means and said last named compressing means and said air displacement means. 

